Mary Meeker s Role For The Development Of Diverse...

Born in the early 1920’s, Mary Meeker’s father saw great potential in his creative little girl. He vowed to make sure she got to college, something which he had been unable to do. He fancied himself a business man, so the family moved from place to place as he looked for the elusive perfect opportunity. Every new school brought another Intelligence Test and eventually Mary skipped a grade. Mary’s sister who was learning disabled was often mistreated by the Nuns at one of the schools, causing Mary to turn away from her religion. Her mother did not see her talent or creativity and was often mean and abusive toward her children. As a result of these events, and recognizing that she and her sister were at different ends of a spectrum, Mary vowed to advocate for the development of diverse intellectual abilities. Educationally, Mary more than fulfilled her father’s hopes as she gained a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science, a Doctorate in Educational Psy chology and continued with post graduate studies. In a desperate need for teachers, California offered provisional teaching certificates to those with a related degree, and Mary accepted. She was immediately assigned to students with severe developmental delays. She didn’t know how to teach them and there were no resources to draw upon. Eventually she motivated the children’s creativity by dancing and singing for much of the school year. When Mary was re-assigned, she got a Special Education Class and found that it had a

The Effects Of Parental Parents On Children - 897 Words

â€Å"Each day of our lives we make deposits in the memory banks of our children.† Charles R. Swindoll. Not knowing if those memories are positive or negative. Each day parents wake up with hope that they can provide for their children’s necessities. There are different kinds of parents some are good for their children but some are not. Most parents raise their kids the way their own parents raised them, whether it was good or bad. Some parents are too protective; they are hard to get along with. Laid-back parents make teenager’s lives simple and joyful because the parents are there to support their children when they need it, without questioning. Then there are the parents who do nothing in providing for their child, neglecting parents, which can result to teenagers getting into bad circumstances. Parents are supposed to support and nurture their children; but if they do not do it properly, there can be serious effects in their children’s future. Having protective parents can make the life of teenagers difficult. Protective parents demand that their children obey them and that they follow rules. These parents mean their best but that is especially hard for teenagers to understand because adolescence is a time when changes happen; teenagers are starting to have their own opinions, which are probably opposite to their parents. It is hard for teenagers to make mistakes if they have protective parents because they always expect something good to come from their kids. Most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Children And Parents819 Words   |  4 Pages expresses high expectations, and when parents become involved in their children’s education at school and in the community† (pg. 160). Parental involvement has benefits for parents, teachers, and children. Parents †¢ Increase of communication between children and parents – Being involved in a child’s life and education sets the stage for more communication and better relationships between parents and their children. 1. Increase in parenting – When parents are able to help their child, they feelRead MoreThe Effect Of Parent Child Separation On The Middle School Children With Parental Migrations754 Words   |  4 Pages According to literature, parent divorce and separation, job relocations, as well as family migration were three main components for family-child separation (Bradley Corwyn, 2002; Jones et al., 2004; Amato Cheadle, 2005; Huurre et al., 2006; Asis, 2006; De Silva et al., 2007; Graham Jordan, 2011; Jordon Graham, 2012). Parent migration is a more serious problem for most Asian countries comparing to western countries, and more and more research were conducted in Asian. There are not many researchRead MoreThe Effects Of Children After Parental Incarceration1302 Words   |  6 PagesReview: The Effects on Children After Parental Incarceration Prisons have been around for centuries and in many countries the prison population has grown quickly. The prisoners’ health, behavior and well-being have been focal points in many social concerns, however; incarceration goes beyond the prisoners’ experience. It touches employment after incarceration, social stigma, and families and communities that have been affected by incarceration, especially a child with incarcerated parents. That is whatRead More Parental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic Performance1159 Words   |  5 PagesParental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic Performance Educational standards have recently become a controversial issue especially in secondary schools. One of the controversial issues surrounding educational standards is the lack of parental involvement. Various forms of parental involvement range from parental encouragement to parental partnership with the school. By examining parental involvement in secondary education, one can determine that positive parentalRead MoreNon-Parental Child Care963 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Non-parental Child Care Non-Parental Child Care: In the initial years of the introduction of non-parental child care, the major question or concern regarding this practice was whether it was helpful or harmful to children. As the practice has developed since its inception, non-parental child care has become a fact of life in the modern society. This has resulted in the change to the initial question as the main concern of the practice in todays society is on the suitable ecological model ofRead MoreClass Dismissed By Meredith Maran1029 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents’ parents should spend more time on getting involved in their children’s education. At first, the author states that if students want to be successful, their parents and schools should play important roles. However, there is a big trouble that parents have different opinion over getting involved in children’s education. Some parents are willing to get involved in their children’s education because they have enough time and sources to do so an d they actually get reward from their parents’ sameRead MoreHow Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. Divorce may also increase the risk of negative outcomes for younger and older children. Children from infant and toddler are less likely to be affected by divorce because is an early development stage (Leon, 2003). The purpose of this study is to better understand how parental divorces affects a child s development, how children transition from living with both parent or divorcesRead MoreThe Importance Of Parental Involvement On Children s Life1463 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Parental Involvement Many parents have multiple children, while working a nine to five job, attending family activities and meetings, and staying on top of bills and home duties. Family life can get hectic and parents may not take the time to realize their importance in their children’s academics. Some parents may be too busy, and others may simply not care, but their involvement in their children’s life is essential. Whether parents or children realize it, involvement of parents in children’sRead MoreDivorce Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesWitnessing love between parents deteriorate, having parents break a significant commitment, adapting to going back and forth between two different households, and living with only one parent, all create a challenging environment in which to grow up and live in. However, especially for young children, parental divorce is a turning point in their life. After a divorce, the life that follows is significantly different from how life was previously. For young children, witnessing parental divorce could possiblyRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Divorce On Children1604 Words   |  7 PagesWitnessing love between parents deteriorate, having parents break a significant commitment, adapting to going back and forth between two different households, and living with only one parent, all create a challenging environment in which to grow up and live in. However, especially for young children, parental divorce is a turning point in their life. After a divorce, the life that follows is significantly different from how life was previously. For young children, witnessing parental divorce could possibly

The Struggle For Social and Economic Equality in America Free Essays

Discrimination The struggle for social and economic equality of Black people in America has been long and slow. It is sometimes amazing that any progress has been made in the racial equality arena at all; every tentative step forward seems to be diluted by losses elsewhere. For every â€Å"Stacey Koons† that is convicted, there seems to be a Texaco executive waiting to send Blacks back to the past. We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle For Social and Economic Equality in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the struggle for equal rights, there have been courageous Black leaders at the forefront of each discrete movement. From early activists such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. DuBois, to 1960s civil rights leaders and radicals such as Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and the Black Panthers, the progress that has been made toward full equality has resulted from the visionary leadership of these brave individuals. This does not imply, however, that there has ever been widespread agreement within the Black community on strategy or that the actions of prominent! Black leaders have met with strong support from those who would benefit from these actions. This report will examine the influence of two â€Å"early era† Black activists: Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois. Through an analysis of the ideological differences between these two men, the writer will argue that, although they disagreed over the direction of the struggle for equality, the differences between these two men actually enhanced the status of Black Americans in the struggle for racial equality. We will look specifically at the events leading to and surrounding the â€Å"Atlanta Compromise† in 1895. In order to understand the differences in the philosophies of Washington and Dubois, it is useful to know something about their backgrounds. Booker T. Washington, born a slave in 1856 in Franklin County, Virginia, could be described as a pragmatist. He was only able to attend school three months out of the year, with the remaining nine months spent working in coal mines. He developed the idea of Blacks becoming skilled tradesmen as a useful stepping-stone toward respect by the white majority and eventual full equality. Washington worked his way through Hampton Institute and helped found the Tuskeegee Institute, a trade school for blacks. His essential strategy for the advancement of American Blacks was for them to achieve enhanced status as skilled tradesmen for the present, then using this status as a platform from which to reach for full equality later. Significantly, he argued for submission to the white majority so as not to offend the power elite. Though he preached appeasement and a â€Å"hands off† attitude toward politics, Washington has been accused of wielding imperious power over â€Å"his people† and of consorting with the white elite. William Edward Burghardt DuBois, on the other hand, was more of an idealist. DuBois was born in Massachusetts in 1868, just after the end of the Civil War and the official end of slavery. A gifted scholar, formal education played a much greater role in DuBois’s life than it did in Washington’s. After becoming a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Fisk and Harvard, he was the first Black to earn a Ph. D. from Harvard in 1895. DuBois wrote over 20 books and more than 100 scholarly articles on the historical and sociological nature of the Black experience. He argued that an educated Black elite should lead Blacks to liberation by advancing a philosophical and intellectual offensive against racial discrimination. DuBois forwarded the argument that â€Å"The Negro problem was not and could not be kept distinct from other reform movements. . . † DuBois â€Å"favored immediate social and political integration and the higher education of a Talented Tenth of the black population. His main interest was in the education of ‘the group leader, the man who sets the ideas of the community where he lives. . . † To this end, he organized the â€Å"Niagara movement,† a meeting of 29 Black business and professional men, which led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The crux of the struggle for the ideological center of the racial equality movement is perhaps best exemplified in Mr. DuBois’s influential The Souls of Black Folk. In it, he makes an impassioned argument for his vision of an educated Black elite. DuBois also describes his opposition to Booker T. Washington’s â€Å"Atlanta Compromise† as follows: â€Å"Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission†¦ † According to DuBois, Washington broke the mold set by his predecessors: â€Å"Here, led by Remond, Nell, Wells- Brown, and Douglass, a new period of self-assertion and self- development dawned†¦. But Booker T. Washington arose as essentially the leader not of one race but of two–a compromiser between the South, the North, and the Negro. † DuBois reported that Blacks â€Å"resented, at first bitterly, signs of compromise which surrendered their civil and political rights, even though this was to be exchanged for larger chances of economic development. DuBois’s point and, according to him, the collective opinion of the majority of the Black community, was that self- respect was more important than any potential future economic benefits. Before Washington’s conciliatory stance gained a foothold, â€Å"the assertion of the manhood rights of the Negro by himself was the main reliance. † In other words, DuBois resented what he saw as Washington â€Å"selling† Black pride: â€Å"†¦ Mr. Washington’s programme naturally takes an economic cast, becoming a gospel of Work and Money to such an extent as apparently almost completely to overshadow the higher aims of life. The compromise included, in DuBois’s words, â€Å"that black people give up, at least for the present, three things,– â€Å"First, political power, Second, insistence on civil rights, Third, higher education of Negro youth,–and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, the accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South. † The final point comprised the centerpiece both of Washington’s strategy for the ultimate redemption of Black Americans and of DuBois’s condemnation of that strategy. Indeed, Washington backed up his assertions by founding the Tuskeegee Institute as a trade school for young Black men. DuBois could not abide this type of appeasement. In his mind, this step was tantamount to the Black community telling the white community that, henceforth, Blacks would cease pretending to be equal to whites as human beings; rather, they would accept an overtly inferior social status as being worthy of maintaining the white majority’s physical world, but unworthy of true equality, of conducting socio-cultural discourse with the mainstream society. The paradox must have been maddening for both men, especially Mr. Washington. He no doubt understood that, as a group, Blacks could never hope to progress to the point of equality from their position of abject poverty. Moreover, without skills, their hopes of escaping their economic inferiority were indeed scant. Washington’s plan for blacks to at least become skilled artisans and tradesmen must have seemed logical to him from the standpoint of improving the economic lot of the average Black man. At the same time, he must have realized that, by accepting inferiority as a de- facto condition for the entire race, he may have broken the black spirit forever. In considering this matter, the writer is reminded of more recent events in American history–the affirmative action flap that occurred after Clarence Thomas’s appointment to the U. S. Supreme Court, for example. Mr. Thomas, clearly a beneficiary of affirmative action, announced that he was nonetheless opposed to it. His argument was that if he had not been eligible for benefits under affirmative action programs, he would have still achieved his current position in the inner circle of this society’s white power elite. Similarly, Booker T. Washington enjoyed access to the power elite of his time, but one must wonder whether President Roosevelt, for example, in his interactions with Mr. Washington, was not merely using the situation for public relations value. â€Å"[Mr. Washington] was ‘intimate’ with Roosevelt from 1901 to 1908. On the day Roosevelt took office, he invited Washington to the White House to advise him on political appointments of Negroes in the south. † After all, he did not become a popular president by being oblivious to such political maneuvering. Perhaps Mr. DuBois was the more prescient visionary. Perhaps he understood what Mr. Washington did not, that after the critical historical momentum toward social acceptance that had been established prior to the late nineteenth century, if political pressure were not maintained, the cause of true equality would be lost forever. Moreover, DuBois understood that equality would not be earned through appeasement. From our perspective of over 100 years, we must admit that he may have been right. For example, in the aftermath of the â€Å"Atlanta Massacre† of September 22, 1906 and a similar incident in Springfield, Illinois, â€Å"it was clear to almost all the players that the tide was running strongly in favor of protest and militancy. â€Å"For six days in August, 1908, a white mob, made up, the press said, of many of the town’s ‘best citizens,’ surged through the streets of Springfield, Illinois, killing and wounding scores of Blacks and driving hundreds from the city. † However, it later turned out that DuBois was considered to be too extreme in the other direction. For example, as the NAACP became more mainstream, it became increasingly conservative, and this did not please DuBois, who left the organization in 1934. He returned later but was eventually shunned by Black leadership both inside and outside of the NAACP, especially after he voiced admiration for the USSR. In the political climate of the late 1940s and 1950s, any hint of a pro-communist attitude–black or white–was unwelcome in any group with a national political agenda. We can see, then, that neither Washington’s strategy of appeasement nor DuBois’s plan for an elite Black intelligentsia was to become wholly successful in elevating American Blacks to a position of equality. However, perhaps it was more than the leadership of any one Black man that encouraged African Americans to demand a full measure of social and economic equality. How to cite The Struggle For Social and Economic Equality in America, Papers

Britain s system of government free essay sample

Britain s system of authorities United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with the Constitutional sovereign, Queen Elizabeth 2, as caput of State and an of import symbol of national integrity. The state is governed in the Queen s name by the Government. In jurisprudence the Queen is caput of the executive, an built-in portion of the legislative assembly, caput of the bench, commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Crown, and the supreme governor of the established church of England. The Queen officially biddings and dissolves Parliament, and opens each new session with a address puting out the Government s wide programme. She besides gives formal acquiescence to Torahs passed by Parliament. Due to a long procedure of development the monarchy s absolute power has been increasingly reduced and now the Queen has little existent power. She performs certain of import Acts of the Apostless of authorities on the advice of her curates. Parliament, which is known now as Westminster Parliament, consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, together with the Queen in her Constitutional function. The House of Commons plays the major portion in law-making. It consists of 659 members of Parliament ( MPs ) , straight elected by electors in each of Britain s 659 parliamentary constituencies. MPs are elected either at a general election held at least every five old ages, or at a bye-election which is held when a place falls vacant because of the decease or surrender of the member. The minimal vote age is 18 but voting is non mandatory. Elections are by secret ballot. The House of Commons is straight responsible to the electorate. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker, an impartial member acceptable to the whole House. The House of Lords, the upper house of the United Kingdom Parliament, was traditionally made of familial, life equals and Ladies, including the jurisprudence Godheads appointed to set about the judicial responsibilities of the house, and the Lords Spiritual. Since 1997 some reforms have been introduced by the Labour Government. In 1999 the House of Godheads was partly reformed and further reform lies in front. Consequently to the first phase in a procedure of reform the House of Lords is going more democratic and representative. The right of familial equals to sit and vote in the House of Lords was limited by legislative act. The size of the House was cut by about half. Merely 92 hereditaries remained. The decrease in size to 699 equals took topographic point in March 2000. The Government is formed by the political party which can command bulk support in the House of Commons. Its leader is the Prime Minister. He chooses a figure of curates, of whom 20 or so compose the Cabinet, which is jointly responsible for all Government determinations and for the behavior of national intimacies. The Cabinet is presided over by the Prime Minister. The 2nd largest party becomes the official resistance with its leader and the Shadow Cabinet . Britain enjoys a long established democratic system of authorities which helps to supply political stableness. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Community ( EC ) , the United Nations Organization ( UNO ) , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) and the Commonwealth. Mass media In the era of rapidly altering international and place state of affairss it is rather necessary for every human being to acquire up-to-date information. Imperativeness, wireless, telecasting are aggregate media subdivisions. They are really of import as they influence on public sentiment and can be a strong force in public life. There are national and local newspapers in Britain. National newspapers, known as dailies, are designed for most people of the state. Local day-to-day documents are for people in a peculiar metropolis or part. Local documents are delivered to people s places free of charge. British national documents are of two sorts: the quality documents and the yellow journalisms. The qualities contain national and international intelligence, the political events ( really frequently written in the editor s position ) , fiscal and athleticss intelligence, telecasting and wireless programmes, theater and film show lists, and others. The yellow journalisms are non so serious in tone as the qualities. They print narratives of human involvement: approximately common people, about personal lives of celebrated people such as politicians, sportswomans, film stars and others. The most popular newspapers are The Sun , The Mirror , The Express and The Daily Mail . The newspaper which sells more transcripts than any others is the News of the World . Radio is besides really popular among the British. Many people rely on the wireless to larn the latest intelligence. Radio is convenient to listen to while driving a auto to and from work in the forenoon and the early eventide. Later in the flushing the British prefer to watch Television programmes. The chief telecasting and wireless broadcast medium organisation in Britain is the British Broadcasting Corporation ( the BBC ) which runs five wireless Stationss ( Radio 1, Radio 2, Radio 3, Radio 4, Radio 5 ) , provides telecasting information service in Britain, runing two national telecasting channels. The BBC World Service broadcasts in English and about 40 other linguistic communications of the universe. There are some independent wireless and telecasting Stationss which compete with the BBC. A batch of people listen to local wireless and watch local Television that concentrate on local intelligence, traffic studies and pop music. Some smaller Stationss are run by pupils or by infirmaries for their patients. The first public presentation of telecasting in Britain was given by John Logie Baird, a Scots discoverer, in 1926. The BBC began the universe s first high-definition Television service in 1936. The Centre of the British newspaper industry is considered Fleet Street in London. Agribusiness and piscaries in Britain Although Britain is a extremely industrialised state, agribusiness is still one of her most of import industries. Just over 700,000 farmworkers provide over half the nutrient needed by some 55.5 million people. This is achieved by widespread usage of machinery and by doing the best usage of the consequences of research and scientific experiments. For a little state, Britain has a great assortment of dirt, clime and types of agriculture ; runing from beef genteelness in Scotland and sheep agriculture in the mountains of Wales to turning harvests, chiefly wheat, barley, oats and murphies, in the big, level, fertile countries of the eastern states. Over 200 old ages ago British farm animal breeders developed the rules which have produced some of the universe s finest lineage cowss, sheep, hogs and Equus caballuss. Celebrated strains of cowss Hereford, Shorthorn, Aberdeen, Angus, Ayrshire and others have laid the foundation of the pureblood herds in North and South America, Australia and many other states. Agricultural research is carried out at over 50 research Stationss in plague control, fertilisers, works and animate being diseases and the betterment of harvests and farm animal. Their work gives valuable assistance to husbandmans in the development states, which send many pupils to Britain. Sea fishing, round the seashores of Britain and in distant Waterss, is of great importance in Scotland and in the north-east of England. About two-fifth of Britain s 22,000 fishermen are employed in the Scots ports, such as Aberdeen, Fraserburgh and Granton. Distant-water vass fish the seas around Labrador, Newfoundland, Greenland and Iceland. Research into improved methods of fishing, processing and storage dramas a large portion in modernizing an ancient industry. # 1055 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1041 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; 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# 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1091 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1082 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; . # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1 086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1079 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; , # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; , # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; . # 1054 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; . # 1048 ; # 1079 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; , # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 10 77 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; . # 1054 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; , # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; . # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1074 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; . # 1054 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; 659 # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; ( # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; ) , # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 107 4 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; 659 # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1063 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; . # 1052 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1079 ; 18, # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 10 73 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; . # 1042 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1102 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; . # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1101 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; . # 1053 ; # 107 2 ; # 1076 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1057 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; , # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1044 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; . # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; , # 1087 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; , # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1096 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; , # 1080 ; # 1044 ; # 1091 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1041 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; . # 1057 ; 1997 # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; . # 1042 ; 1999 # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; , # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1 090 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; . # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; . # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; . # 1056 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1044 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; . # 1058 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; 92 # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; . # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; 699 # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 108 6 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; 2000. # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1078 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1055 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 109 7 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; . # 1045 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1100 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; . # 1054 ; # 1085 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; 20 # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; . # 1053 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 11 03 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1100 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; . # 1042 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1058 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; . # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 108 7 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; . # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1045 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1069 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; ( EC ) , # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1054 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1054 ; # 1073 ; # 1098 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1053 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; ( # 1054 ; # 1054 ; # 1053 ; ) , # 1053 ; # 1040 ; # 1058 ; # 1054 ; # 1080 ; # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1057 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1042 ; # 1101 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1102 ; . # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; , # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; , # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1054 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1 080 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; . # 1045 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1053 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1052 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; . # 1052 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1 089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; . # 1041 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1074 ; # 1091 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; : # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; . # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1 084 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; ( # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1079 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; ) , # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; , # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; , # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; , # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; . # 1058 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; . # 1054 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; : # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1093 ; , # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; . # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; , # 1047 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1069 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1043 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1044 ; # 1101 ; # 1081 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1052 ; # 1072 ; # 1081 ; # 1083 ; . # 1043 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1053 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1052 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; . # 1056 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1041 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; . # 1052 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1097 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; à ® , à ·Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ » à ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ³Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¼ à ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¥ à ­Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨ . à Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ® à ³Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ® à ±Ãƒ «Ãƒ ³Ãƒ ¸Ãƒ  Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¼ à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¨ à ¤Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¨ à  Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¿ à ¨ à ­Ãƒ   à °Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ²Ãƒ » à ³Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¬ , à ¨ à ¢Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¬ . à Ãƒ ®Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¦Ãƒ ¥ à ¢Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¬ à Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ²Ãƒ  Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¶Ãƒ » à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ²Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¾Ãƒ ² à ±Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¼ à ²Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ­Ãƒ »Ãƒ ¥ à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ °Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ » . # 1043 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; , # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1097 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1041 ; # 1080 ; # 1041 ; # 1080 ; # 1057 ; # 1080 ; ( # 1041 ; # 1048 ; # 1041 ; # 1048 ; # 1057 ; # 1048 ; ) , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 108 3 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; 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A Comparison of the literature Characters an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

A Comparison of the Characters Walter from Hanberry’s and The Narrator of Baldwin’s In Lorraine Hanberrys literary work entitled A Raisin in the Sun, there is a character named Walter who acted the role of both a protagonist and antagonist dreamer. He is a 35-year-old chauffeur, and has this passion of becoming rich in Chicago that was sometime in the 1950s. Together with Willy Harris (the one who persuaded Walter into opening up a liquor store), Walter Lee Younger wanted to use the $10,000 insurance of his father, as he tries to find a quick way of solving the financial and social problems of the black Younger family. Need essay sample on "A Comparison of the Characters Walter from Hanberrys and The Narrator of Baldwins" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: I'm not in the mood to write my paper now. I don't have the time Professional writers advise: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic Success Essay Help Service Custom Writing Best Essay Writing Service College Essay Writing Service In James Baldwins literary work entitled Sonnys Blues, however, the narrator of the short story acts as Sonnys rationalistic schoolteacher brother who lived a life that is very different from Sonnys. Despite being both an African-American citizens of U.S.A. back in the 1950s, their views and characters hold very opposite ranks, since the narrator appears to be a teacher of algebra, while Sonny is a jazz pianist who has become addicted to drugs and the dark corners of Harlem. The narrator has not experienced Sonnys way of life because his life is one that is of the middle class, but he manages to understand his brother in the end. Considering both Walter Lee Younger and the narrator or brother of Sonny, there are more similarities than differences between the two male characters. They both appear to be very intelligent and wise at the start of the story, yet in truth they are as numb and as intolerant as the other characters. In the end, the two become more accessible to what others believe and long for. Main Body The Side of Walter Lee Younger Worldliness and Practicality Quotation #1: MAMA: Sonhow come you talk so much bout money? WALTER: Because it is life, Mama! MAMA: OhSo now its life. Money is life. Once upon a time freedom used to be lifenow its money. I guess the world really do change ... WALTER: Noit was always money, Mama. We just didnt know about it. (James 20) Walters meaning of life happens to land on money and worldly matters. For him, money is life and without money, there is no life. Walter is practical in the sense that he occupies himself with what he considers as essential to survival, such as food, clothing, and money. This comes into opposition with what Mama Lena believes insimple things like freedom, love, and a happy home. Despite this character of Walter, he is also far from being practical, since his idealism extends too far and wide as having to dream of having a black Chrysler with white walls (James 32), a two-story house, and a wide gardenwide enough to have the need of a gardener. Idealism and Optimism Quotation #2: WALTER: You wouldnt understand yet, son, but your daddys gonna make a transaction . . . a business transaction thats going to change our lives Ill pull the car up on the driveway just a plain black Chrysler, I think, with white wallsnoblack tires Andand Ill say, all right sonits your seventeenth birthday, what is it youve decided? Just tell me, what it is you want to beand youll be it Whatever you want to beYessir! You just name it, son and I hand you the world! (James 32) Walters extremely high hopes of becoming rich and renowned are the thing that causes trouble between him and his family. His broadminded wife, Ruth, understands that having to achieve his dreams may give him the satisfaction, confidence, and the happiness that, she believes, she is not capable of giving him anymore. Almost everyone understands that Walters passion for money is tremendous, but when he decides to stand up against Mr. Lindner and the white inhabitants of Clybourne Park, and then refuses the buyout, the opposite happens to him. He is not money-oriented anymore but family-oriented. Everybody takes pride on him. More open to family Quotation #3: WALTER: [W]e have decided to move into our house because my fathermy fatherhe earned it for us brick by brick. We dont want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. And thats all we got to say about that. We dont want your money. (James 38) The best moment happens when Walter decides to stand up and fight for his family, his race, and his identity. His narrow-mindedness shifts ahead and upward, making him understand that nothing is better and more important than having to stand up for ones dignity and right. Standing firm and upright, Walter finally becomes a real, grown man. This is very opposite to the Walter at the start of story, whom Ruth always instructs that he should eat his eggs. Their leaving the apartment shows that the black Younger family has finally learned to stand upright. The Side of Sonnys Brother, The Narrator Distance and Coldness Quotation #1: It was not to be believed and I kept telling myself that, as I walked from the subway station to the high school. And at the same time I couldnt doubt it He became real to me again. A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day long, This would always be at a moment when I was remembering some specific thing Sonny had once said or done. (Baldwin 1) The story started with the narrator being cold and distant to his younger brother. As stated in the third sentence: He became real to me again (Baldwin 1), the narrator has almost forgotten about his brother, and right after hearing the news that Sonny was arrested for possessing and selling heroin, the image and memory of his brother, once again, becomes alive. There is ice and coldness inside him despite the warmth that is shown in his sweat, as stated in the lines: It was a special kind of ice. It kept melting, sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins, but it never got less. Sometimes it hardened and seemed to expand until I felt my guts were going to come spilling out or that I was going to choke or scream (Baldwin 1). While teaching algebra to his class, the narrators sweat spills from the ice inside him. Closeness and Warmth Quotation #2: Then I kept in constant touch with him and I sent him whatever I could and I went to meet him when he came back to New York. When I saw him many things I thought I had forgotten came flooding back to me. This was because I had begun, finally, to wonder about Sonny, about the life that Sonny lived inside He looked very unlike my baby brother. Yet when he smiled, when we shook hands, the baby brother looked out from the depths of his private life (Baldwin 5-6) The first sign of closeness was when the narrator wrote a letter to Sonny right after the formers daughter died of polio. Then right after Sonny replied to his brother, the latter has been in constant touch with his younger brother. Having been overwhelmed how Sonny overcomes the stress, pain, and the sufferings of life, the narrator enters the world of Sonny when he goes to the jazz club where Sonny is about to play. On the way, countless memories come rushing in on the narrator, until they finally arrive at the club where the narrator is overwhelmed at how warm their welcoming is. The narrator even describes the place as Sonnys kingdom (Baldwin 22). While playing the piano, Sonnys sweat spills from all the warmth and affection around him. More open to suffering Quotation #3: I believe not, he said and smiled, but thats never stopped anyone from trying. He looked at me. Has it? I realized, with this mocking look, that there stood between us, forever, beyond the power of time or forgiveness, the fact that I had held silenceso long!when he had needed human speech to help him. He turned back to the window. No, theres no way not to suffer. (Baldwin 20) With the help of Sonny, his brother becomes more open-minded by the fact that there is also a need for people to try not to suffer. According to the narrator, people should just accept suffering; according to Sonny, however, people should do something to avoid suffering. For Sonny, certain actions (e.g., music, art) avoid people from suffering by extracting all of it through, music, art, and other forms of self-expression; yet the narrator believes that to endure suffering is to simply accept it and then bury the ice deep down into oneself. Conclusion It is evident that, at the start of the story, both Walter and Sonnys brother (the narrator) are intelligent and wise, yet in the middle of the story, the truth behind their real identities reveal that they are even more numb and intolerant than the other characters in the two stories. Walter is strong at first glance: he does everything to support his family with almost everything that they would need for the days ahead. Sonnys brother is also strong and intelligent at first glance: he is a teacher of algebra and appears to be capable of controlling himself and his future. Then Walters weakness slowly appears, as he is incapable of holding himself up and understanding the real state of his family. In the same way, Sonnys brother also shows that he has a weakness when it comes to understanding himself and his younger brother. Finally, Walter becomes a real man after becoming more open to himself and his family; likewise, Sonnys brother becomes a real man after becoming more open to h imself and his state of suffering. This he was able to achieve by understanding his brother and his world. Both Walter and the narrator, however, appear to have the whole world during the start of the story, only to arrive at the fact that they are aliens that are very isolated from the rest of the world. In the end, Walter arrives at the conclusion that money is not life after all. Sonnys brother learns that to survive an ordeal is not to simply accept it but to do something that would make them avoid or prevent the suffering. Walter of A Raisin in the Sun and the narrator of Sonnys Blues are both congruent to one another. However, in the first story, both practicality and idealism are centered on Walter alone, while in the second story, ice is centered on the narrator, while heat and warmth are on Sonny. We can incorporate it with the overall idea that both characters started out on top of the world, and then ended up with almost nothing except the lessons that they have learned from their familiesto be true to oneself. Probably it is not right to focus only on ourselves. Works Cited Baldwin, James. Sonnys Blues. 1959.Department of English Language and Literature. Ed. Alex Macleod. 2006. Wright State University. 3 July 2007. James, Rosetta. Raisin in the Sun. Indianapolis, IN: Cliff Notes Publishing, 1992. Additional References Domina, Lynn. Understanding A Raisin in the Sun: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Emerson, Waldo. Hansberrys a Raisin in the Sun. The Explicator 52.1 (1993): 59+. Sanchez, Jesus B. Narrative Voice and Blues Expression in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues. Servicio de Publicaciones UCM 4 (1996): 175-187. Tsomondo, Thorell. Sonnys Blues and Waiting for the Rain. Critique 36.3 (1995): 195+.

Hiring employees from minority groups.

Hiring employees from minority groups. this is all I have to offer, Thank you for your help, I am despirate noneHiring MinoritiesIn recent years preferential hiring has become an issueof great interest. Preferential hiring, which was devised tocreate harmony between the different races and sexes, has dividedthe lines even more. Supporters on both sides seem fixed intheir positions and often refuse to listen to the other group'splatform. In this essay, the recipients of preferential hiringwill be either black or female, and the position in question willbe a professorship on the university level. The hirings inquestion are cases that involve several candidates, all roughlyequal in their qualifications (including experience, education,people skills, etc.), with the only difference being race and/orsex.What we have here is a case of predetermined preference.The two candidates in question are equal in all ways, except race.The black applicant is selected, not because of skills orqualifications (in that case the white man would have providedthe same result), but for his skin color.Martin Luther King, Jr.This seems to be blatantdiscrimination, but many believe it is justified. Some feelretribution for years of discrimination is reason enough, but thatissue will be discussed later. First, lets focus on why this isnot a solution to creating an unbiased society.Martin Luther King Jr. had a dream: 'I have a dream thatmy four little children will one day live in a nation where theywill not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the contentof their character.' He desired a world without discrimination,without prejudice, and without stereotypes. The fundamental lessonyears of discrimination should have taught is that to give anyonepreference based on skin color, sex, or religious beliefs is, inone word,

Connectivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Connectivism - Essay Example It is not with the human beings by birth or we cannot call knowledge as an innate part of human beings. The learning theories of behaviourism, constructivism and cognitivism regard knowledge as acquirable and identify various ways with the help of which, a person is able to learn in this world. According to the learning theory of behaviourism, the knowledge that a person keeps or attains by means of experience or rationality can be assessed by means of change of behaviour (Gredler, 2005). When a person attains knowledge, his/her behaviour changes with the acquisition of knowledge. The behaviourism philosophy can be defined as a philosophy that deals with the transformation of behaviour as an indication of learning (Vaill, 1996). Therefore, in behaviourism learning theory deals with the transformation of behaviour of an individual as a sign of his/her learning. Learning theory of behaviourism regards learning as wholly external. Constructivism is also based on the philosophy of constructivism. According to the learning theory of constructivism, knowledge comes to a person with the help of his/her past experience (Gredler, 2005). A person is able to learn on the basis of his/her past experiences in terms of knowledge acquisition. Knowledge is acquired by means of comprehension of experiences that a person goes through in his/her life time. According to the constructivism theory of learning, learning is something based on internal input of a human being (Gredler, 2005). As far as congnitivism is concerned, according to the learning theory of cognitivism, a person is able to get knowledge similarly as the computer does. An input is required, there is some memory where the knowledge is stored on temporary bases and then this knowledge is coded for future employment. Cognitivism also categorizes knowledge as an external element (Vaill, 1996). These theories

DeBeers advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DeBeers advertising - Essay Example The simulacrum is true† (Ecclesiastes, cited in Baudrillard, 1994, p. 1) Introduction Observations reveal that in postmodern era extensive use of mass media and representative symbols have become an integral part of contemporary culture, where boundaries between fantasy and real world have merged, often making reality unrecognisable (Baudrillard, 1993, pp. 71-72). Mass production and photographic representation (advertisements) have modified human experience to the extent that â€Å"Irreality no longer belongs to the dream or phantasm†¦but to the hallucinatory resemblance of the real itself† (ibid, p. 72). In post-modern era, â€Å"reality† is identified only when it is mimeographed through cloning or simulation; while truth is interceded and manipulated in a manner where present genre of humans fail to differentiate between imaginary and real world, a condition termed as â€Å"hyper-reality† (ibid, pp.70-76). In the context of artificially creating a condition of reality, the best-known example is that of DeBeers where the tagline, â€Å"a diamond is forever† is known to have attached a false sense of value to a simple carbonated rock particle. Besides this, the De Beers advertisements also make strong use of the sign and signification concept (including the referent, the signifier and the signified), where their advertisements, instead of giving any information on the products create meanings through various signs and symbols. ... In this context, the paper will examine the concept of simulation and hyper-reality, comprehend how media managed to manipulate and erase the basic line between fantasy and reality, and create a false sense of value or consumer emotion. It will also analyse the concept of sign and signification, to find out the meaning behind the signs and symbols used in the advertisements. Discussion In post-modernism (especially in the context of capitalistic economies and post-modern developed nations), hyperrealism is a concept that reveals a condition where human consciousness fails to differentiate between falsely created ‘real’ world (simulation) and actual reality (Baudrillard, 1994). In other words, hyper-reality typifies what consciousness distinguishes as "reality" in the cultural context where mass media has the power to alter incidents before presenting them to the readers/viewers. It has resulted from logically derived simulation processes, where signs, logos or phrase-wor ds are being used with increasing frequencies to substitute real products or emotions. Symbols or catchy phrase-words that imitate reality are being made to appear as simplified and easy to recognise. They first cover and then replace the real objects or emotions, and finally end up being more ‘real’ than reality itself (ibid). Modern culture has thus turned into a substitute for reality where â€Å"everything is therefore right on the surface, absolutely superficial. There is no longer a need or requirement for depth or perspective; today, the real and the imaginary are confounded in the same operational totality, and aesthetic fascination is simply everywhere† (Baudrillard, 1976, p. 1019). According to Baudrillard

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Politics - Essay Example Aristotle contributed much in the development of history and political science through his written articles. In his writing, Aristotle (1996) describes the leadership of some of the political regimes in a few of early cities in Greece and Carthage. To consider the strengths and the weaknesses of the legislatures in these cities, Aristotle (1996) compared them with the best-organized political arrangements. He highlights the good laws that enabled the cities to have efficient legislature and the bad laws that hindered good leadership and unity among the citizens. The political scientists should analyze the good laws that the authorities in those cities used to exercise democracy in politics to replicate them in their states. On the other hand, they should look at the poor laws exercised in some cities that made them fail in politics to avoid recurrence of such events in the current states. Moreover, Aristotle (2008) developed ideas in his writing that are very important in political science as he proposes that for to be a good leader, one should have knowledge in theoretical and practical politics. If the political scientists can embrace the idea of Aristotle, they can be successful in ensuring that politics in their states follow the right direction. Additionally, for politics to have a perfect way towards a stable state the authorities should have good constitution that protects the rights of all citizens. Several states fail to attain politics because of lack of good constitutional laws that govern the well-being of politics and participation of all interested citizens in politics. Aristotle (1996) highlighted that some cities failed politically because of favors extended to some members of the society to engage in politics while the rest were cut off in sharing that privilege. Poor politics led to civil wars something that could be avoided by the cities’ authorities if they had good constitution. This was attributed to the poor laws that